 Groote Eylandt from space, November 1989 | |
  Groote Eylandt  Groote Eylandt | |
| Geography | |
|---|---|
| Location | Gulf of Carpentaria |
| Coordinates | 13°58′S 136°35′E / 13.967°S 136.583°E / -13.967; 136.583Coordinates: 13°58′S 136°35′E / 13.967°S 136.583°E / -13.967; 136.583 |
| Area | 2,326.1 km2 (898.1 sq mi) |
| Length | 50 km (31 mi) |
| Width | 60 km (37 mi) |
| Highest elevation | 219 m (719 ft) |
| Highest point | Central Hill |
| Administration | |
Australia | |
| Territory | Northern Territory |
| Region | East Arnhem Region/ unincorporated Alyangula |
| Ward | Anindilyakwa Ward/ unincorporated Alyangula |
| Largest settlement | Alyangula (pop. 966) |
| Demographics | |
| Population | 2,811[1] (2016 census) |
| Pop. density | 1.21 /km2 (3.13 /sq mi) |
| Ethnic groups | Warnindhilyagwa |
Groote Eylandt is the largest island in the Gulf of Carpentaria and the fourth largest island in Australia. It is the homeland of, and is owned by, the Warnindhilyagwa who speak the Anindilyakwa language.
Groote Eylandt lies about 50 km (31 mi) from the Northern Territory mainland and eastern coast of Arnhem Land, about 630 kilometres (390 mi) from Darwin, opposite Blue Mud Bay. The island measures about 50 kilometres (31 mi) from east to west and 60 kilometres (37 mi) from north to south; its area is 2,326.1 km2 (898.1 sq mi). It is generally quite low-lying, with an average height above sea level of 15 metres (49 ft), although Central Hill reaches an elevation of 219 metres (719 ft). It was named by the explorer Abel Tasman in 1644 and is Dutch for "Large Island" in an archaic spelling. The modern Dutch spelling is Groot Eiland.
History
Prior to European settlement, Groote Eylandt had been inhabited by Aboriginal people for thousands of years and there had been regular contact between local Aboriginal people and Macassan traders, evident in the names of some Groote Eylandt settlements, such as Umbakumba, which can be traced back to a Macassan origin.[5]
The first recorded sighting of Groote Eylandt was in 1623, by the Dutch ship Arnhem, under Willem van Coolsteerdt. However, the relative prevalence of the hereditary Machado-Joseph Disease (MJD) in the Groote Eylandt community (a condition otherwise mainly found in the Azores) was previously suggested as evidence of early contact with Portuguese sailors. (Contact with Chinese traders has also been suggested as a cause.[6]) Recent genetic studies showed that the Groote Eylandt families with MJD shared a haplogroup with some families from Taiwanese, Indian, and Japanese families.[7] The island was given its current name in 1644, when Tasman arrived.
The first European settlement on the island was established at Emerald River in 1921, in the form of a Christian mission by the Church Missionary Society. During World War II, in 1943, the mission moved to Angurugu, as the RAAF required the use of the mission's airstrip: the ruins of the RAAF base are still evident today. In 1856 the local aboriginal conglomerate that regularly passed was known as the Jurambunga tribe. The island was also used as a flying boat base by Qantas for a period of time. In 1979, control of the island was transferred to the local Aboriginal Town Council.
Groote Eylandt was converted to Aboriginal freehold title land following the passing of the Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976.
On May 20, 2008, the federal government signed a deal with local Aborigines from Groote Eylandt to lease land to the government for 40 years. In return, the government will spend money in the community with the aim of improving housing, education and health in the area.
External links
- Angurugu Community Government Council site
- GEMCO – The Groote Eylandt mining company
- Alyangula Area School
- GEMCO publication with map
Islands of the Northern Territory | |
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